fossilization，英语单词，主要用作名词，作名词时译为“石化；僵化”。

pragmatic fossilization 减少语用石化

Interlanguage fossilization 中介语石化

group fossilization 群体石化

individual fossilization 体石化 ; 分为个体僵化

-fossilization 固化

fossilization barrier 石化筛选作用

growth fossilization 成长断轴

oral fossilization 口语僵化

permanent fossilization 永久性石化

Lack of learning will inevitably lead to the stagnation of the mind, or even worse, its fossilization.

缺少学习将不可避免地导致心灵的停滞，甚至更糟，使其僵化。

Lack of learning will inevitably lead to the stagnation of the mind, or even worse, its fossilization.

缺少学习将不可避免地导致心灵的停滞，甚至更遭地，使其僵化。

Considering other factors concerned with fossilization, teachers should also fully understand and respect the learners' affect to make it play a positive role to fullest extent.

外语教育工作者在考虑其它因素的同时，应该正确认识和尊重学习者的情感，充分发挥情感因素的积极作用，预防和减少僵化的发生。