施格通格语言(ergative–absolutive,或简称施格语言)是对
及物动词的
宾语与
不及物动词的
变元(“主语”)做同样对待、即二者之格位标记相同,并区别于这个及物动词的施事者(agent,“主语”)的语言。
I (A) invite him (O) to go with me; He (A) invites me (O) to go with him.(我邀请他去旅行;他邀请我去旅行)
Me (S) traveled; Him (S) traveled .
I (A) invites him (O) to go with me; He (A) invite me (O) to go with him.