尤娜路姆
埃德加·爱伦·坡创作诗歌
《尤娜路姆》是美国诗人埃德加·爱伦·坡创作的一首诗歌,是作者为哀悼亡妻所作。该诗最大限度地抒发悲痛与绝望,体现了诗人忧郁、阴暗的心理状态,表现出深重的孤独感和自我的丧失。该诗想象大胆、狂放,假托自己的躯体在自己灵魂的引领下去寻找自己的亡妻,然而最后遇到的竟是一扇冰冷的墓门,既使诗篇增添了几分奇美的神韵,又使其拥有了多重的寓意。
作品原文
Ulalume
The skies they were ashen and sobre;
The leaves they were crisped and sere,
The leaves they were withering and sere;
It was night in the lonesome October
Of my most immemmorial year;
It was hard by the dim lake of Auber,
In the misty mid region of Weir:
It was down by the dank tarn of Auber,
In the ghoul-haunted woodland of Weir.
Here once, through an alley Titanic
Of cypress, I roamed with my Soul --
Of cypress, with Psyche, my Soul.
These were days when my heart was volcanic
As the scoriac rivers that roll,
As the lavas that restlessly roll
Their sulphurous currents down Yaanek
In the ultimate climes of the pole,
That groan as they roll down Mount Yaanek
In the realms of the boreal pole.
Our talk had been serious and sober,
But our thoughts they were palsied and sere,
Our memories were treacherous and sere,
For we knew not the month was October,
And we marked not the night of the year,
(Ah, night of all nights in the year!)
We noted not the dim lake of Auber
(Though once we had journeyed down here),
Remembered not the dark tarn of Auber
Nor the ghoul-haunted woodland of Weir.
And now, as the night was senescent,
And star-dials pointed to morn,
As the star-dials hinted of morn,
At the end of our path a liquiescent
And nebulous lustre was born,
Out of which a miraculous crescent
Arose with a duplicate horn,
Astarte's bediamonded crescent
Distinct with its duplicate horn.
She rolls through an ether of sighs,
She revels in a region of sighs:
She has seen that the tears are not dry on
These cheeks, where the worm never dies,
And has come past the stars of the Lion
To point us the path to the skies,
To the Lethean peace of the skies:
Come up, in despite of the Lion,
To shine on us with her bright eyes:
Come up through the lair of the Lion,
But Psyche, uplifting her finger,
Her pallor I strangely mistrut:
Oh, hasten! -- oh, let us not linger!
In terror she spoke, letting sink her
Wings until they trailed in the dust;
In agony sobbed, letting sink her
Plumes till they trailed in the dust,
Till they sorrowfully trailed in the dust.
Let us on by this tremulous light!
Let us bathe in this crystalline light!
Its sibyllic splendor is beaming
With hope and in beauty to-night:
See, it flickers up the sky through the night!
Ah, we safely may trust to its gleaming,
And be sure it will lead us aright:
We safely may trust to a gleaming
That cannot but guide us aright,
Thus I pacified Psyche and kissed her,
And tempted her out of her gloom,
And conquered her scruples and gloom;
And we passed to the end of the vista,
But were stopped by the door of a tomb,
By the door of a legended tomb;
Then my heart it grew ashen and sober
As the leaved that were crisped and sere,
As the leaves that were withering and sere,
On this very night of last year
That I journeyed -- I journeyed down here,
That I brought a dread burden down here:
On this night of all nights in the year,
Ah, what demon has tempted me here?
Well I know, now, this dim lake of Auber,
This misty mid region of Weir:
Well, I know, now, this dank tarn of Auber,
Have been that the woodlandish ghouls—
The pitiful, the merciful ghouls—
To bar up our way and to ban it
From the secret that lies in these wolds—
From the thing that lies hidden in these wolds—
Had drawn up the spectre of a planet
From the limbo of lunary souls—
This sinfully scintillant planet
中文译文
尤娜路姆
天空上一片灰白色而且清淡;
树叶是枯干的而且瑟脆,
树叶是枯干的而且凋萎;
这是我最难追忆的一年,
一个荒凉的十月的夜里;
紧濒那朦胧的奥伯湖边,
在那多雾的维尔的腹地:
直下那郁湿的奥伯潭边,
在僵尸出没的维尔的林地。
在此地,穿行于一条庞大的
柏树的荫道,我漫步,和我的灵魂,
柏树的荫道,伴着赛琪,我的灵魂。
在这些日子,我的心是爆发的,
像火山熔岩的河流在奔腾,
像火山岩浆在无尽地奔腾,
那硫磺的狂潮滚下了耶涅山,
在极地那世界尽头的国度;
它一面悲吟,一面滚下了耶涅山,
在北极那荒寒的领土。
我们的倾谈是严肃而且清醒,
但我们的思想是枯干而且麻痹,
而我们的记忆是枯干而且狡黠;
我们不知道这正是十月的月份,
我们没注意这是哪一个夜里,
(啊,一年之中竟是这一个夜里!)
我们没留心那朦胧的奥伯湖滨,
(虽然有一次我们到过这里)
没忆起那郁湿的奥伯潭滨,
更忘了僵尸出没的维尔的林地。
而这时,夜已经显得老耋。
而星图已暗指向了黎明,
当星图已渐渐示着黎明,
在荫路的尽头有类似溶液
又类似星云的光辉诞生,
自光中又有弯神奇的新月
擎着孪生的双角而飞升,
亚丝塔特镶满钻石的新月
擎孪生的双角,如此光明。
于是我说:“她比黛安还要温暖:
她旋转于一团叹息的气氛,
她浮沉于一圈叹息的空冥:
她已经看见泪滴还没有凝干
于我的颊上,颊上有不死的伤心,
而且自狮子座的星群间飞过,
来指示我们去天国的路程,
去天国那礼洗河般的宁静:
升了上来,无惧于狮子星座,
照射我们,以她明亮的眼睛:
升了上来,自狮子座的穴窝,
闪耀的眼中满孕着爱情。”
可是赛琪,将她的手指举起,
说道:“不幸这颗星我不相信,
她的苍白我出奇地不能相信:
哦,加紧,哦,让我们莫再迟疑!
哦,快逃,让我们快逃,我们必须加紧。”
骇然,她说着,且垂下她的双翼,
直到它们拖曳于灰尘,
恸然,她泣着,且垂下她的白羽,
直到它们拖曳于灰尘,
直到它们忧伤地拖曳于灰尘。
我答道:“这不过是一场梦寐:
让我们前进,借这颤抖的光芒!
让我们浴于这水晶似的光芒!
它那预言神的光采正射着清辉,
于今夜,满含着美和希望:
看,它摇曳于黑夜,直烛天堂!
啊,我们可以信赖它的光辉,
且相信它会导致正确的方向:
我们可以信赖这样的光辉,
它一定会引至正确的方向。
因为它摇晃于黑夜,直烛天堂。”
于是我安慰着赛琪,而且吻她,
而且引诱她抖开她的郁闷,
而且征服了她的疑虑和郁闷;
于是我们直走到荫路的尽头,
可是被阻于一扇墓门,
被阻于一扇传说的墓门;
“这是什么,好姐姐,”我问她:
“写在这扇传说的墓门?”
她答道:“尤娜路姆,尤娜路姆,
墓中是你逝去的尤娜路姆!”
于是我的心灵变成灰白而且清淡,
像树叶那样地干枯而且瑟脆,
像树叶那样地干枯而且凋萎;
于是我惊呼:“那无疑是去年,
去年十月的同一个夜里,
我曾漫步,我曾漫步来此地,
我曾负一个可怖的重压来此地:
在一年之间,竟是这一个夜里,
啊,什么魔鬼诱我来此地?
现在我认清,这朦胧的奥伯湖边,
这多雾的维尔的腹地:
现在我认清,这郁湿的奥伯潭边,
这僵尸出没的维尔的林地。”
余光中 译)
创作背景
爱伦·坡的妻子叫维吉尼亚·克莱姆,是他的表妹,年龄上比他小很多,但两人痴情相爱,不计生活的艰辛。1847年,这个柔弱的女人在贫病交加中含恨早逝,该诗即是为了悼念维吉尼亚而作的。
作品鉴赏
诗篇一开首就为读者营造了一种荒凉、凄清而又阴郁的气筑:这是一个荒凉的十月,灰白色的天幕显得极为空寂,枯黄的树叶在枝头瑟瑟发抖。在那雾霭弥漫的湖边,在那阴暗、潮湿的柏树林内,有一片鬼影出没、鸱鸮悲鸣的坟茔。这段描绘为全诗定下了悲痛、沉郁的情感的基调“追忆”、“十月”等字眼的出现与最后一个诗节中“那无疑是去年,/去年十月的同一个夜里”等诗句遥相呼应,暗点出我于深夜漫游的真正缘由。
自第二个诗节起,诗句就变得更为神秘、奇丽﹑曼妙而又空灵,诗中抒情主人公我的情绪也像大海一样起伏动荡、波涛汹涌。我在这阴森恐怖的柏树林中穿行,我的灵魂赛琪则扇着双翼为我引路。为什么每到这些日子,一年里十月的这些日子,我的心总是如此娇嫩,如此多愁善感,见到那枯黄的叶片自枝头旋转着坠落,听到深夜中那鸱鸮的悲鸣,总止不住心潮起伏、泪流如雨?我远望那巍峨的耶涅山,它静静地矗立在天边,什么也没有回答我;我环视这葱郁的柏树林,它在暗夜中兀自肃立着,对我的忧郁和痛苦不闻不问;惟有我的灵魂,我那亲密的赛琪,她因我深情地探同而盘旋着驻足,她用那双忧郁的眼睛默默地与我交流。与赛琪的倾谈使我忘却了眼前的痛苦与忧郁,忘却身边这阴森的柏树林,忘却了“那朦胧的奥伯湖”以及“那郁湿的奥伯潭”,而完全在幸福的往昔中徜徉。我想起了我那心爱的人儿,她比天上那皎洁的明月还要温柔、娴静,她那双湖泊似的眼睛内蓄满了清澈的爱情。然而现在阴影遮蔽了那皎洁的明月,量夺去了那双清澈的眼睛。我坚信那轮明月不会坠落,我坚信那双眼睛依然会像星星一样闪烁。于是,我紧紧地追随着赛琪,在这浓黑而又漫长的夜里苦苦地寻找。但是呵,当走到树阴路的尽头,横在面前的竟是一扇冰冷的墓门,而墓中长眠的正是我那亲爱的尤娜路姆。诗人抒写至此,情绪达到了最高峰,诗篇也于此戛然而止。
古往今来,悼念亡妇的诗可谓多矣,然而像爱伦·坡这样把那痛人骨髓而又愁肠百结的情绪如此形象、如此真挚地描绘出来实不多见。特别是他那大胆、狂放的想像:假托自己的躯体在自己灵魂的引领下去寻找自己的亡妻,然而最后遇到的竟是一扇冰冷的墓门。这种形象化的描绘既使诗篇增添了几分奇美的神韵,又使其拥有了多重的寓意。
作者简介
埃德加·爱伦·坡(Edgar Allan Poe),生于1809年1月19日,逝于1849年10月7日,美国作家,诗人,编辑和文学评论家,美国浪漫主义思潮时期的重要成员。坡以神秘故事和恐怖小说闻名于世,他是美国短篇故事的最早先驱者之一,又被尊为推理小说的开山鼻祖,进而也被誉为后世科幻小说的始祖。他是第一个尝试完全依赖写作谋生的美国作家,从而导致贫困潦倒。
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最新修订时间:2023-08-31 07:40
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