胡蜂、土蜂、蜜蜂等御敌或猎食的器官，螫剌由雌蜂的产卵器特化而来。

胡蜂、土蜂、蜜蜂等御敌或猎食的器官.螫剌由雌蜂的产卵器特化而来，但已失去产卵功能，卵由螫刺基部产生，蜜蜂的工蜂则完全失去生育能力.螫刺的构造颇复杂，平时缩入腹部末端的螫刺腔内，以工蜂为例，螫刺基部有一套传动装置，受肌肉牵制带动端部的刺针.刺针细长，包括1根背面的中针和腹面的1对螫针，二者以滑槽互相关连.能穿刺入动物体的是螫针，其末端具倒钩.螫刺内端有毒腺相连，螫刺活动时，流出毒液.毒液的成分较复杂，包括组氨及某些蛋白质，毒液中的透明质酸酶有助于毒素在被螫动物组织中散播；卵磷脂酶则使被螫动物体内的溶血卵磷脂释放，后者是一种很强的溶血物质.

Wasp, wasp, bees and other defense against an enemy or prey organs. Stinger pierced by a female bee's ovipositor from specialization, but has lost their nesting function, the base of the eggs produced by the sting, bee worker bees are totally lost fertility capacity. sting of the structure is quite complicated and usually shrink into the abdominal cavity at the end of sting to the worker bees, for example, the base has a sting gear, driven by the muscle to contain the ends of needles. slender needles, including one on the back of ventral surface of the needle and the 1 on the sting, both in order to slide inter-related. be able to puncture into the animal body is the sting, its the end of a barb. sting connected to the inner end of a venom gland, sting activities, out of venom . venom composition of more complex, including the group of ammonia and certain proteins in the venom hyaluronidase help toxins being stung in the spread of animal tissue; lecithin enzyme makes stung animals lysophosphatidylcholine release, after the who is a strong hemolytic substances.