王红梅，博士，研究员，博士生导师；现任中国科学院动物研究所所务委员、副所长，中国科学院干细胞与再生医学创新研究院副院长，中国科学院动物研究所干细胞与生殖生物学国家重点实验室主任。国家杰出青年基金获得者，国家重点研发计划“基于干细胞的生育力维持与重建”项目负责人。国家百千万人才工程 “有突出贡献中青年专家”。致力于女性生殖与疾病的研究。主要研究方向为早期胚胎发育、胎盘发育与生理和病理的妊娠结局、干细胞与女性生育力的维持和重建。

博士，研究员，博士生导师；现任中国科学院动物研究所所务委员、副所长，中国科学院干细胞与再生医学创新研究院副院长，中国科学院动物研究所干细胞与生殖生物学国家重点实验室主任。国家杰出青年基金获得者，国家重点研发计划“基于干细胞的生育力维持与重建”项目负责人。国家百千万人才工程 “有突出贡献中青年专家”。

2024年9月25日，中共中国科学院党组经研究，决定：王红梅同志任动物研究所副所长（试用期一年）。

王红梅课题组研究方向：（1）人类胎盘发生的细胞和分子机制与妊娠相关疾病；（2）干细胞与人类生育力的维持和重建。主持国家重点研发计划项目及中国科学院干细胞先导专项子课题等。曾获国家人口和计划生育委员会优秀科技成果一等奖，教育部科技进步二等奖等。目前担任Biol Reprod、Cell Prolif 、Cell Rep Med、Fundamental Research、Front Cell Dev Bio、生物医学转化期刊编委，在Science，Nature, Cell Res, Cell Rep, Trends Genet, Trends Mol Med, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, eLife, J Biol Chem, Mol Endocrinol和Biol Reprod等期刊发表研究论文及综述70余篇。

王红梅及其带领的研究组致力于女性生殖与疾病的研究。主要研究方向为胎盘发育和卵巢卵泡发生的分子机理。

胎盘绒毛滋养层细胞的合体化及对子宫内膜的适当侵润是成功妊娠的关键，其异常将导致自然流产、葡萄胎和胎儿生长受限（FGR）等病理事件。生殖生理组通过利用人胎盘绒毛滋养层细胞侵润/转移和合体化、胚胎-子宫内膜共培养、小鼠胎盘特异敲低或敲除等模型结合蛋白质组学和单核苷酸多态性等方法研究胎盘早期发育和滋养层细胞分化的分子机制及相关疾病（葡萄胎和FGR）的发病机理，尤其关注泛素－蛋白酶体通路、Proprotein convertases （PCs）家族分子和CBG。已发现CUL7 E3连接酶能诱导胎盘滋养层细胞发生上皮－间质转化（EMT）并促进其侵润和迁移。

哺乳动物卵泡发生是从原始卵泡，经初级卵泡，次级卵泡，三级卵泡直到排卵的整个过程。卵泡发育异常在临床上可引发卵巢早衰（POF）和多囊卵巢综合症（PCOS）等疾病，严重威胁妇女健康。生殖生理组通过运用基因敲除小鼠模型、卵泡体外培养模型和原代颗粒细胞培养，致力于研究卵泡发育的分子机理与PCOS的病理生理机制，尤其关注miRNA和TGFβ通路分子。

Yan R#, Gu C#*, You D, Huang Z, Qian J, Yang Q, Cheng X, Zhang L##, Wang H##, Wang P*, Guo F*. Decoding dynamic epigenetic landscapes in human oocytes using single-cell multi-omics sequencing. Cell Stem Cell. S1934-5909(21)00169-7. Epub ahead of print.（##Senior author）

Li X#, Wang Y#, Ma R#, Liu X, Song B, Duan Y, Guo J, Feng G, Cui T, Wang L, Hao J*, Wang H*, Gu Q*. Reconstruction of functional uterine tissues through recellularizing the decellularized rat uterine scaffolds by MSCsin vivoandin vitro. Biomed Mater. 16 (2021) 035023 2020 Dec 7. Epub ahead of print.

Qu Y, Chen Q, Guo S, Ma C, Lu Y, Shi J, Liu S, Zhou T, Noda T, Qian J, Zhang L, Zhu X, Lei X, Cao Y, Li W, Li W, Plachta N, Matzuk MM, Ikawa M, Duan *E, Zhang Y*, Wang H*. Cooperation-based sperm clusters mediate sperm oviduct entry and fertilization. Protein Cell. (Letter)

Wan Tu#, Xiaolong Wang#, Feiyan Zhao, Xuehan Zhao, Yan Zhao, Xiaokui Yang* and Long Yan*. The Mechanism of Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) Therapy for Primary Ovarian Insufficiency. Journal of Stem Cells Research, Development and Therapy.

Zhao Y#, Ma J#, Yi P#, Wu J#, Zhao F, Tu W, Liu W, Li T, Deng Y, Hao J*, Wang H*, Yan L*. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells restore the ovarian metabolome and rescue premature ovarian insufficiency in mice. Stem Cell Research & Therapy. 2020 Nov 4，11(1)，466.

Yan L#, Wu Y#, Li L#, Wu J#, Zhao F, Gao Z, Liu W, Li T, Fan Y*, Hao J*, Liu J*, Wang H*. Clinical analysis of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell allotransplantation in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency. Cell Proliferat. 2020, 53(12), e12938.

Xiao Z#, Yan L#, Liang X*, Wang H*. Progress in deciphering trophoblast cell differentiation during human placentation. Current Opinion in Cell Biology. 2020, 18(67), 86-91. (invited review)

Lim HYG, Alvarez YD, Gasnier M, Wang Y, Tetlak P, Bissiere S, Wang H, Biro M, Plachta N*. Keratins are asymmetrically inherited fate determinants in the mammalian embryo. Nature. 2020, 585(7825), 404-409.

Cui D#, Liu Y#, Jiang X#, Ding C, Poon L*, Wang H*, Yang H*. Single-cell RNA Expression Profiling of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the Human Trophectoderm and Placenta. Ultrasound in Obstericst Gynecology. 2020, 10,102.

Gao H, Liu C, Wu B, Cui H, Zhao Y, Duan Y, Gao F*, Gu Q*, Wang H*, and Li W*. Effects of Different Biomaterials and Cellular Status on Testicular Cell Self-Organization. Adv Biosyst. 2020, 4(7), e1900292.

Jiang X*, Wang H*. Macrophage subsets at the maternal-fetal interface. Cell Mol Immunol. 2020;17(8):889-891.

Ma H#, Zhai J#, Wan H#, Jiang X, Wang X, Wang L, Xiang Y, He X, Zhao ZA, Zhao B, Zheng P*, Li L*, Wang H*. In vitro culture of cynomolgus monkey embryos beyond early gastrulation. Science.2019, 366(6467).

Wang R*, Yu R*, Zhu C, et al. Tubulin detyrosination promotes human trophoblast syncytium formation. J Mol Cell Biol. 2019;11(11):967-978.

Guo SS*, Cui XH*, Jiang XX*, Duo SG, Li SW, Gao F#, Wang HM#. Tracing the origin of the placental trophoblast cells in mouse embryo development. Biol Reprod. 2020 Mar 13;102(3):598-606.

Jiao Ma#, Jun Wu#, Lei Han, Xiangxiang Jiang, Jie Hao*, Hongmei Wang*. Comparative analysis of mesenchymal stem cells derived from amniotic plate under serum-free condition. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019 Jan 11;10(1):19.

Tao Y, Tartia A, Lawson M, Zelinski MB, Wu W, Liu JY, Smitz J, Léveillé MC, Leader A, Wang H, Ramsay T, Liu XJ*. Can peri-ovulatory putrescine supplementation improve egg quality in older infertile women? J Assist Reprod Genet. 2018 Nov 22. Review.

Jiang Y#, Yan L#, Xia LK, Lu XY, Zhu WL, Ding DW, Du MX, Zhang D, Wang H*, Hu BY*. Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) is required for neural differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. J Biol Chem. 2018 Dec 14;293(50):19317-19329.

Wang Y, Wang H*. Successful derivation of human trophoblast stem cells. Biol Reprod. 2018, 99(2), 271-272.

Liu YW#, Fan XY#, Wang R#, Lu XY#, Dang YL, Wang HY, Lin HY, Zhu C, Ge H, Cross JC*, Wang H* Single-cell RNA-seq reveals the diversity of trophoblast subtypes and patterns of differentiation in the human placenta. Cell Reseach, 2018, 28(8):819-832. https://f1000.com/prime/733692041?bd=1

Jiang XX, Du MR, Li M, Wang H*. Three macrophage subsets are identified in the uterus during early human pregnancy. Cellular & Molecular Immunology (CMI).2018, 15(12):1027-1037.

Chang WL#, Liu YW#, Dang YL#, Jiang XX, Xu HL, Huang X, Wang YL, Wang H, Zhu C, Xue LQ, Lin HY, Meng WX*, Wang H*. Plac8, a new marker for human interstitial extravillous trophoblast cells, promotes their invasion and migration. Development, 2018,145(2).

Lu XY#, Wang R#, Zhu C, Wang H, Lin HY, Gu Y, Cross JC*, Wang H*. Fine-Tuned and Cell-Cycle-Restricted Expression of Fusogenic Protein Syncytin-2 Maintains Functional Placental Syncytia. Cell Reports. 2017, 21(5), 1150-1159.

Yan L, Li Y, Shi Z, Lu X, Ma J, Hu B, Jiao J, Wang H. The zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (Zeb1) promotes the conversion of mouse fibroblasts into functional neurons. J Biol Chem. 2017, 292(31), 12959-12970.

Hai T#, Cao C#, Shang H#, Guo W#, Mu Y#, Yang S, Zhang Y, Zheng Q, Zhang T, Wang X, Liu Y, Kong Q, Li K, Wang D, Qi M, Hong Q, Zhang R, Wang X, Jia Q, Wang X, Qin G, Li Y, Luo A, Jin W, Yao J, Huang J, Zhang H, Li M, Xie X, Zheng X, Guo K, Wang Q, Zhang S, Li L, Xie F, Zhang Y, Weng X, Yin Z, Hu K, Cong Y, Zheng P, Zou H, Xin L, Xia J, Ruan J, Li H, Zhao W, Yuan J, Liu Z, Gu W, Li M, Wang Y, Wang H*, Yang S*, Liu Z*, Wei H*, Zhao J*, Zhou Q*, Meng A*. Pilot study of large-scale production of mutant pigs by ENU mutagenesis. Elife. 2017,(6), e26248.

Zhang Y#, Wang Q#, Wang H*, Duan EK*. Uterine Fluid in Pregnancy: A Biological and Clinical Outlook. Trends in Molecular Medicine. 2017, 23(7), 604–614.

王红梅*，杜美蓉*.人类胎盘滋养层细胞的分化与妊娠相关疾病. 生命科学. 2017, 29(1), 15-20.

Liu D#, Mo G#, Tao Y, Wang H*, Liu XJ*. Putrescine supplementation during in vitro maturation of aged mouse oocytes improves the quality of blastocysts. Reprod Fertil Dev. 2017, 29(7), 1392-1400.

Zheng R#, Li Y#, Sun H#, Lu X, Sun BF, Wang R, Cui L, Zhu C, Lin HY*, Wang H. Deep RNA sequencing analysis of syncytialization-related genes during BeWo cell fusion. Reproduction. 2016, 153 (1) 35-48.

Lu X#, He Y#, Zhu C, Wang H, Chen S*, Lin HY*. Twist1 is involved in trophoblast syncytialization by regulating GCM1. Placenta. 2016, 39, 45-54.

Lu X#, Wang Y#, Yan L, Wang L, Li W, Wang H*. Variations in mesenchymal-epithelial transition-related transcription factors during reprogramming of somatic cells from different germ layers into iPSCs. J Genet Genomics. 2016, 43(10), 609-612.

Cui L#, Wang H#, Lu X, Wang R, Zheng R, Li Y, Yang X, Jia WT, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Wang H, Wang YL, Zhu C, Lin HY*, Wang H*. Effects of individually silenced N-glycosylation sites and non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms on the fusogenic function of human syncytin-2. Cell Adh Migr. 2016 Mar 3;10(1-2):39-55.

Wang X#, Cao C#, Huang J#, Yao J, Hai T, Zheng Q, Wang X, Zhang H, Qin G, ChengJ, Wang Y, Yuan Z, Zhou Q, Wang H*, Zhao J*. One-step generation of triplegene-targeted pigs using CRISPR/Cas9 system. Sci Rep. 2016 Feb 9.

Wang X#, Zhou J#, Cao C#, Huang J, Hai T, Wang Y, Zheng Q, Zhang H, Qin G, Miao X, Wang H, Cao S*, Zhou Q*, Zhao J*. Efficient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated biallelic gene disruption and site-specific knockin after rapid selection of highly active sgRNAs in pigs. Sci Rep. 2015 Aug 21.

Nie M#, Yu S#, Peng S, Fang Y, Wang H*, Yang X*. miR-23a and miR-27a Promote Human Granulosa Cell Apoptosis by Targeting SMAD5. Biol Reprod. 2015 Oct;93(4):98, 1-10.

Zhang Q#, Yu S#, Huang X#, Tan Y, Zhu C, Wang Y, Wang H, Lin H, Fu J*, Wang H*. New insights into the function of Cullin 3 in trophoblast invasion and migration. Reproduction,2015 , 150(2),139-149.

Li Y, Zheng R, Wang R, Lu X, Zhu C, Lin HY, Wang H, Yu X, Fu J*. Involvement of nephrin in human placental trophoblast syncytialization. Reproduction, 2015 Apr, 149(4), 339-46.

Lei JH#, Yang XK#, Peng S#, Li Y, Underhill C, Zhu C, Lin HY*, Wang H*, Hammond GL*. Impact of corticosteroid-binding globulin deficiency on pregnancy and neonatal sex. J ClinEndocrinolMetab, 2015, 100(5), 1819-27.

Chang W#, Yang Q#, Zhang H#, Lin HY, Zhou Z,Lv XY, Zhu C, Zhang Y, Xue LQ*, Wang H*. Placenta specific protein 1 (PLAC1) is involved in the invasion and migration of human trophoblast cells. Reproduction (accepted).

Zhou Z#, Wang R#, Yang X, Lu XY, Zhang Q, Wang YL, Wang H, Zhu C, Lin HY*, WangH*. The cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) transcription factorregulates furin expression during human trophoblast syncytialization. Placenta.2014, 35(11), 907-18.

Wang R#, Dang YL#, Zheng R, Li Y, Li WW, Lu XY, Wang LJ, Zhu C, Lin HY*, Wang H*. Live cell imaging of in vitro human trophoblast syncytialization. Biol Reprod, 2014, 90(6): 117,1-10 (cover story).

Li W, Liu D, Chang W, Lu XY, Wang YL, Wang H, Zhu C, Lin HY, Zhang Y, Zhou J*, Wang H*. Role of IGF2BP3 in trophoblast cell invasion and migration. Cell Death Dis, 2014, 5, e1025

Aguilar PS#, Baylies MK#, Fleissner A#, Helming L#, Inoue N#, Podbilewicz B*, Wang H#, Wong M#. Genetic basis of cell–cell fusion mechanisms. Trends Genet, 2013, 29(7), 427-437. (#, equal contribution.) (invited review)

Zhou Z, Zhang Q, Lu XY, Wang R, Wang H, Wang YL, Zhu C, Lin HY*, Wang H*. The proprotein convertase furin is required for trophoblast syncytialization. Cell Death Dis, 2013, 4, e593.

Zhang S, Lin HY#, Kong S#, Wang S, Wang Hongmei, Wang Haibin*, Armant DR*. Physiological and molecular determinants of embryo implantation. Mol Aspects Med, 2013, 34(5), 939-980. (#, co-first authors.)

Zhang Q, Chen Q, Lu XY, Zhou Z, Zhang H, Lin HY, Duan E, Zhu C, Tan Y*, Wang H*. CUL1 promotes trophoblast cell invasion at the maternal-fetal interface. Cell Death Dis, 2013, 4, e502.

Yang X, Wang Q, Gao Z, Zhou Z, Peng S, Chang WL, Lin HY, Zhang W*, Wang H*. Proprotein convertase furin regulates apoptosis and proliferation of granulosa cells in the rat ovary. PLoS ONE, 2013, 8, e50479.

Qiu Q, Bell M, Lu X, Yan X, Rodger M, Walker M, Wen SW, Bainbridge S, Wang H, Gruslin A*. Significance of IGFBP-4 in the Development of Fetal Growth Restriction. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2012, 97, E1429–E1439.

Lin HY*, Underhill C, Lei JH, Helander-Claesson A, Lee HY, Gardill BR, Muller YA, Wang H*, Hammond GL*. High frequency of SERPINA6 polymorphisms that reduce plasma corticosteroid-binding globulin activity in Chinese subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2012, 97, E678-E686.

Zhao KQ, Lin HY*, Zhu C, Yang X, Wang H*. Maternal Smad3 deficiency compromises decidualization in mice. J Cell Biochem, 2012, 113, 3266-3275.

Li Y, Wu L, Lei JH, Zhu C, Wang H, Yu XG*, Lin HY*. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human corticosteroid-binding globulin promoter alter transcriptional activity. Sci China Life Sci, 2012, 55, 699-708.

Gardill BR, Vogl MR, Lin HY, Hammond GL, Muller YA*. Corticosteroid-binding globulin: structure-function implications from species differences. PLoS ONE, 2012, 7, e52759.

Wu L, Zhou HH, Lin HY, Qi JG, Zhu C, Gao ZY*, Wang H*. Circulating microRNAs are elevated in plasma from severe pre-eclamptic pregnancies. Reproduction, 2012, 143, 389-397.

Yang XK, Zhou Y, Peng S, Wu L, Lin HY, Wang SY*, Wang H*. Differentially expressed plasma microRNAs in premature ovarian failure patients and the potential regulatory function of mir-23a in granulosa cell apoptosis. Reproduction, 2012, 144, 235-244.

Lin P, Fu J, Zhao B, Lin F, Zou H, Liu L, Zhu C, Wang H*, Yu X*. Fbxw8 is involved in the proliferation of human choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cells. Mol Biol Rep, 2011, 38, 1741–1747.

Lin HY*, Muller YA, Hammond GL*. Molecular and structural basis of steroid hormone binding and release from corticosteroid-binding globulin. Mol Cell Endocrinol, 2010, 316, 3-12.

Fu J, Lv X, Lin HY, Wu L, Wang R, Zhou Z, Zhang B, Wang YL, Tsang BK, Zhu C, Wang H*. Ubiquitin ligase cullin 7 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human choriocarcinoma cells. J Biol Chem, 2010, 285, 10870-10879.

Lin HY, Underhill C, Gardill BR, Muller YA, Hammond GL*. Residues in the human corticosteroid-binding globulin reactive center loop that influence steroid binding before and after elastase cleavage. J Biol Chem, 2009, 284, 884-896.

Yang Q, Chen SP, Zhang XP, Wang H, Zhu C, Lin HY*. Smurf2 participates in human trophoblast cell invasion by inhibiting TGF-beta type I receptor. J Histochem Cytochem, 2009, 57, 605-612.

Zhang B, Zhou Z, Lin HY, Lv X, Fu J, Lin P, Zhu C, Wang H*. Protein phosphatase 1A (PPM1A) is involved in human cytotrophoblast cell invasion and migration. Histochem Cell Biol, 2009, 132, 169-179.

Zhou Z, Shen T, Zhang BH, Lv XY, Lin HY, Zhu C, Xue LQ*, Wang H*. The proprotein convertase furin in human trophoblast: Possible role in promoting trophoblast cell migration and invasion. Placenta, 2009, 30, 929-938.

Fu JJ, Lin P, Lv XY, Yan XJ, Wang HX, Zhu C, Tsang BK, Yu XG*, Wang H*. Low molecular mass polypeptide-2 in human trophoblast: over-expression in hydatidiform moles and possible role in trophoblast cell invasion. Placenta, 2009, 30, 305-312.

Wang H*, Tsang BK*. Nodal signalling and apoptosis. Reproduction, 2007, 133, 847-853.

Zhang H, Lin HY, Yang Q, Wang HX, Chai KX, Chen LM, Zhu C*. Expression of prostasin serine protease and protease nexin-1 (PN-1) in rhesus monkey ovary during menstrual cycle and early pregnancy. J Histochem Cytochem, 20 07, 55, 1237-1244.

Yang Q, Lin HY, Wang HX, Zhang H, Zhang XP, Wang H, Zhu C*. Expression of smad ubiquitin regulatory factor 2 (Smurf2) in rhesus monkey endometrium and placenta during early pregnancy. J Histochem Cytochem, 2007, 55, 453-460.

Zhang X, Zhu C, Lin HY, Yang Q, Ou Q, Li Y, Chen Z, Racey P, Zhang S*, Wang H*. Wild fulvous fruit bats (Rousettus leschenaulti) exhibit human-like menstrual cycle. Biol Reprod, 2007, 77, 358-364.

1999.09～2002.06 中国科学院动物研究所生理学博士

1995.09～1998.07 北京师范大学生物系细胞生物学硕士

1991.09～1995.07 北京师范大学生物系生物学学士

2020.01～ 干细胞与再生医学创新研究院副院长

2017.05～ 干细胞与生殖生物学国家重点实验室主任

2006.09～ 干细胞与生殖生物学国家重点实验室研究员、博士生导师、生殖生理研究组组长

2013.01～2020.09 干细胞与生殖生物学国家重点实验室党总支书记

2003.12～2005.12 加拿大渥太华健康研究所(OHRI)博士后

Fundamental Research（双月刊） 编委（2021.01-2023.12）

生物医学转化 第一届编委会委员（2020-）

Cell Reports Medicine编委（2020-）

Cell Proliferation 编委会委员（2018-）

中国动物学会生殖生物学分会 主任委员（2019-）

中国医师协会整合医学医师分会 整合医学生殖医学专业委员会(学组) 第一届委员会 副主任委员（2017-）

中国生理学会生殖科学专业委员会（第24届） 委员（2016-）

妇幼健康研究会母胎医学专业委员会 常务委员（2016-）

Biology of Reproduction 编委会委员（2013-）

美国生殖生物学学会（Society for the Study of Reproduction）会员（2001-）

2023年度第十六届谈家桢生命科学创新奖

2020年中国科学院大学“中国科学院朱李月华优秀教师奖”

2020年度中国科学院优秀导师奖

2020年入选国家百千万人才工程，授予“有突出贡献中青年专家”荣誉称号

2017年全国妇幼健康科学技术奖二等奖：（自然科学奖，2017-B-F-04-03）微小RNA对卵泡生长发育的调控及其在卵巢早衰中的作用研究；

2017年全国妇幼健康科学技术奖二等奖：（自然科学奖，2017-B-D-01-02）母胎免疫耐受与排斥（流产）转换的分子机理；

2011年国家人口和计划生育委员会优秀科技成果奖一等奖（2011-01-D01）胚胎植入的分子基础与相关疾病；

2008年教育部高等学校科学研究优秀成果奖（科学技术）二等奖（自然科学类）蝙蝠的行为、进化及其与病毒相互关系的研究；

蝙蝠的行为、进化及其与病毒相互关系的研究。（2008年度教育部高等学校科学研究优秀成果奖（科学技术）二等奖（自然科学类））

基质金属蛋白酶在卵泡发育、黄体形成和着床中的作用及分子机理。（2008年度黑龙江省科学技术二等奖（自然类））

胚胎植入分子机理的研究。（2008年度黑龙江省科学技术三等奖（自然类））

承担科研项目情况：

滋养层细胞分化的调节机制。（国家重大科学研究计划“生殖细胞健康与母胎识别及免疫豁免的分子基础”；2006.11－2011.10）

滋养层节制侵润的分子基础。（973“人类生育调节及其相关重要疾病的基础研究” ；2006.9－2011.9）

用大小鼠种间妊娠不育模型研究胚胎植入的分子机制。（中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向性项目；2007－2011）

IGFBP-3蛋白水解加工在胚胎植入中作用的研究。（国家自然科学基金－加拿大健康研究院资助项目；2009.1－2011.12）

CUL7 E3连接酶在滋养层侵润和迁移中的作用。（国家自然科学基金面上项目；2010.1－2012.12）