中华人民共和国继承法_1985年10月1日起施行的法律

中华人民共和国继承法

1985年10月1日起施行的法律

《中华人民共和国继承法》自1985年10月1日起施行。根据《中华人民共和国宪法》规定，为保护公民的私有财产的继承权，制定本法。继承从被继承人死亡时开始。

具体内容

（一九八五年四月十日第六届全国人民代表大会第三次会议通过，一九八五年四月十日中华人民共和国主席令第二十四号公布，一九八五年十月一日起施行）

第一章总则

第一条根据《中华人民共和国宪法》规定，为保护公民的私有财产的继承权，制定本法。

第二条继承从被继承人死亡时开始。

第三条遗产是公民死亡时遗留的个人合法财产，包括：

第四条个人承包应得的个人收益，依照本法规定继承。个人承包，依照法律允许由继承人继续承包的，按照承包合同办理。

第五条继承开始后，按照法定继承办理；有遗嘱的，按照遗嘱继承或者遗赠办理；有遗赠扶养协议的，按照协议办理。

第六条无行为能力人的继承权、受遗赠权，由他的法定代理人代为行使。

限制行为能力人的继承权、受遗赠权，由他的法定代理人代为行使，或者征得法定代理人同意后行使。

第七条继承人有下列行为之一的，丧失继承权：

第八条继承权纠纷提起诉讼的期限为二年，自继承人知道或者应当知道其权利被侵犯之日起计算。但是，自继承开始之日起超过二十年的，不得再提起诉讼。

第二章法定继承

第九条继承权男女平等。

第十条遗产按照下列顺序继承：

第一顺序：配偶、子女、父母。

第二顺序：兄弟姐妹、祖父母、外祖父母。

继承开始后，由第一顺序继承人继承，第二顺序继承人不继承。没有第一顺序继承人继承的，由第二顺序继承人继承。

本法所说的子女，包括婚生子女、非婚生子女、养子女和有扶养关系的继子女。

本法所说的父母，包括生父母、养父母和有扶养关系的继父母。

本法所说的兄弟姐妹，包括同父母的兄弟姐妹、同父异母或者同母异父的兄弟姐妹、养兄弟姐妹、有扶养关系的继兄弟姐妹。

第十一条被继承人的子女先于被继承人死亡的，由被继承人的子女的晚辈直系血亲代位继承。代位继承人一般只能继承他的父亲或者母亲有权继承的遗产份额。

第十二条丧偶儿媳对公、婆，丧偶女婿对岳父、岳母，尽了主要赡养义务的，作为第一顺序继承人。

第十三条同一顺序继承人继承遗产的份额，一般应当均等。

对生活有特殊困难的缺乏劳动能力的继承人，分配遗产时，应当予以照顾。

对被继承人尽了主要扶养义务或者与被继承人共同生活的继承人，分配遗产时，可以多分。

有扶养能力和有扶养条件的继承人，不尽扶养义务的，分配遗产时，应当不分或者少分。

继承人协商同意的，也可以不均等。

第十四条对继承人以外的依靠被继承人扶养的缺乏劳动能力又没有生活来源的人，或者继承人以外的对被继承人扶养较多的人，可以分给他们适当的遗产。

第十五条继承人应当本着互谅互让、和睦团结的精神，协商处理继承问题。遗产分割的时间、办法和份额，由继承人协商确定。协商不成的，可以由人民调解委员会调解或者向人民法院提起诉讼。

第三章遗嘱继承和遗赠

第十六条公民可以依照本法规定立遗嘱处分个人财产，并可以指定遗嘱执行人。

公民可以立遗嘱将个人财产指定由法定继承人的一人或者数人继承。

公民可以立遗嘱将个人财产赠给国家、集体或者法定继承人以外的人。

第十七条公证遗嘱由遗嘱人经公证机关办理。

自书遗嘱由遗嘱人亲笔书写，签名，注明年、月、日。

代书遗嘱应当有两个以上见证人在场见证，由其中一人代书，注明年、月、日，并由代书人、其他见证人和遗嘱人签名。

以录音形式立的遗嘱，应当有两个以上见证人在场见证。

遗嘱人在危急情况下，可以立口头遗嘱。口头遗嘱应当有两个以上见证人在场见证。危急情况解除后，遗嘱人能够用书面或者录音形式立遗嘱的，所立的口头遗嘱无效。

第十八条下列人员不能作为遗嘱见证人：

第十九条遗嘱应当对缺乏劳动能力又没有生活来源的继承人保留必要的遗产份额。

第二十条遗嘱人可以撤销、变更自己所立的遗嘱。

立有数份遗嘱，内容相抵触的，以最后的遗嘱为准。

自书、代书、录音、口头遗嘱，不得撤销、变更公证遗嘱。

第二十一条遗嘱继承或者遗赠附有义务的，继承人或者受遗赠人应当履行义务。没有正当理由不履行义务的，经有关单位或者个人请求，人民法院可以取消他接受遗产的权利。

第二十二条无行为能力人或者限制行为能力人所立的遗嘱无效。

遗嘱必须表示遗嘱人的真实意思，受胁迫、欺骗所立的遗嘱无效。伪造的遗嘱无效。

遗嘱被篡改的，篡改的内容无效。

第四章遗产的处理

第二十三条继承开始后，知道被继承人死亡的继承人应当及时通知其他继承人和遗嘱执行人。继承人中无人知道被继承人死亡或者知道被继承人死亡而不能通知的，由被继承人生前所在单位或者住所地的居民委员会、村民委员会负责通知。

第二十四条存有遗产的人，应当妥善保管遗产，任何人不得侵吞或者争抢。

第二十五条继承开始后，继承人放弃继承的，应当在遗产处理前，作出放弃继承的表示。没有表示的，视为接受继承。

受遗赠人应当在知道受遗赠后两个月内，作出接受或者放弃受遗赠的表示，到期没有表示的，视为放弃受遗赠。

第二十六条夫妻在婚姻关系存续期间所得的共同所有的财产，除有约定的以外，如果分割遗产，应当先将共同所有的财产的一半分出为配偶所有，其余的为被继承人的遗产。

遗产在家庭共有财产之中的，遗产分割时，应当先分出他人的财产。

第二十七条有下列情形之一的，遗产中的有关部分按照法定继承办理：

第二十八条遗产分割时，应当保留胎儿的继承份额。胎儿出生时是死体的，保留的份额按照法定继承办理。

第二十九条遗产分割应当有利于生产和生活需要，不损害遗产的效用。

不宜分割的遗产，可以采取折价、适当补偿或者共有等方法处理。

第三十条夫妻一方死亡后另一方再婚的，有权处分所继承的财产，任何人不得干涉。

第三十一条公民可以与扶养人签订遗赠扶养协议。按照协议，扶养人承担该公民生养死葬的义务，享有受遗赠的权利。

公民可以与集体所有制组织签订遗赠扶养协议。按照协议，集体所有制组织承担该公民生养死葬的义务，享有受遗赠的权利。

第三十二条无人继承又无人受遗赠的遗产，归国家所有；死者生前是集体所有制组织成员的，归所在集体所有制组织所有。

第三十三条继承遗产应当清偿被继承人依法应当缴纳的税款和债务，缴纳税款和清偿债务以他的遗产实际价值为限。超过遗产实际价值部分，继承人自愿偿还的不在此限。

继承人放弃继承的，对被继承人依法应当缴纳的税款和债务可以不负偿还责任。

第三十四条执行遗赠不得妨碍清偿遗赠人依法应当缴纳的税款和债务。

第五章附则

第三十五条民族自治地方的人民代表大会可以根据本法的原则，结合当地民族财产继承的具体情况，制定变通的或者补充的规定。自治区的规定，报全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案。自治州、自治县的规定，报省或者自治区的人民代表大会常务委员会批准后生效，并报全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案。

第三十六条中国公民继承在中华人民共和国境外的遗产或者继承在中华人民共和国境内的外国人的遗产，动产适用被继承人住所地法律，不动产适用不动产所在地法律。

外国人继承在中华人民共和国境内的遗产或者继承在中华人民共和国境外的中国公民的遗产，动产适用被继承人住所地法律，不动产适用不动产所在地法律。

中华人民共和国与外国订有条约、协定的，按照条约、协定办理。

第三十七条本法自一九八五年十月一日起施行。

英文版

Contents

Chapter I General Provisions

Chapter II Statutory Succession

Chapter III Testamentary Succession and Legacy

Chapter IV Disposition of the Estate

Chapter V Supplementary Provisions

Chapter I General Provisions

Article 1 This Law is enacted pursuant to the provisions of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China with a view to protecting the right of citizens to inherit private property.

Article 2 Succession begins at the death of a citizen. Article 3 Estate denotes the lawful property owned by a citizen personally at the time of his death, which consists of:

(1) his income;

(2) his houses, savings and articles of everyday use;

(3) his forest trees, livestock and poultry;

(4) his cultural objects, books and reference materials;

(5) means of production lawfully owned by him;

(6) his property rights pertaining to copyright and patent rights; and

(7) his other lawful property.

Article 4 Personal benefits accruing from a contract entered into by an individual are heritable in accordance with the provisions of this Law. Contracting by an individual, if permitted by law to be continued by the successor, shall be treated in accordance with the terms of the contract.

Article 5 Succession shall, after its opening, be handled in accordance with the provisions of statutory succession; where a will exists, it shall be handled in accordance with testamentary succession or as legacy; where there is an agreement for legacy in return for support, the former shall be handled in accordance with the terms of the agreement.

Article 6 The right to inheritance or legacy of a competent person shall be exercised on his behalf by his statutory agent. The right to inheritance or legacy of a person with limited capacity shall be exercised on his behalf by his statutory agent or by such person himself after obtaining the consent of his statutory agent.

Article 7 A successor shall be disinherited upon his commission of any one of the following acts:

(1) intentional killing of the decedent;

(2) killing any other successor in fighting over the estate;

(3) a serious act of abandoning or maltreating the decedent; or

(4) a serious act of forging, tampering with or destroying the will.

Article 8 The time limit for institution of legal proceedings pertaining to disputes over the right to inheritance is two years, counting from the day the successor became or should have become aware of the violation of his right to inheritance. No legal proceedings, however, may be instituted after the expiration of a period of 20 years from the day succession began.

Chapter II Statutory Succession

Article 9 Males and females are equal in their right to inheritance.

Article 11 Where a decedent survived his child, the direct lineal descendants of the predeceased child inherit in subrogation. Descendants who inherit in subrogation generally shall take only the share of the estate their father or mother was entitled to.

Article 12 Widowed daughters-in-law or sons-in-law who have made the predominant contributions in maintaining their parents-in-law shall, in relationship to their parents-in-law, be regarded as successors first in order

. Article 13 Successors same in order shall, in general, inherit in equal shares. At the time of distributing the estate, due consideration shall be given to successors who are unable to work and have special financial difficulties. At the time of distributing the estate, successors who have made the predominant contributions in maintaining the decedent or have lived with the decedent may be given a larger share. At the time of distributing the estate, successors who had the ability and were in a position to maintain the decedent but failed to fulfil their duties shall be given no share or a smaller share of the estate. Successors may take unequal shares if an agreement to that effect is reached among them.

Article 14 An appropriate share of the estate may be given to a person, other than a successor, who depended on the support of the decedent and who neither can work nor has a source of income, or to a person, other than a successor, who was largely responsible for supporting the decedent.

Article 15 Questions pertaining to succession should be dealt with through consultation by and among the successors in the spirit of mutual understanding and mutual accommodation, as well as of amity and unity. The time and mode for partitioning the estate and the shares shall be decided by the successors through consultation. If no agreement is reached through consultation, they may apply to a People's Mediation Committee for mediation or institute legal proceedings in a people's court.

Chapter III Testamentary Succession and Legacy

Article 16 A citizen may, by means of a will made in accordance with the provisions of this Law, dispose of the property he owns and may appoint a testamentary executor for the purpose. A citizen may, by making a will, designate one or more of the statutory successors to inherit his personal property. A citizen may, by making a will, donate his personal property to the state or a collective, or bequeath it to persons other than the statutory successors.

Article 17 A notarial will is one made by a testator through a notary agency. A testator-written will is one made in the testator's own handwriting and signed by him, specifying the date of its making. A will written on behalf of the testator shall be witnessed by two or more witnesses, of whom one writes the will, dates it and signs it along with the other witness or witnesses and with the testator. A will made in the form of a sound-recording shall be witnessed by two or more witnesses. A testator may, in an emergency situation, make a nuncupative will, which shall be witnessed by two or more witnesses. When the emergency situation is over and if the testator is able to make a will in writing or in the form of a sound-recording, the nuncupative will he has made shall be invalidated.

Article 18 None of the following persons shall act as a witness of a will: (1) persons with no capacity or with limited capacity; (2) successors and legatees; or (3) persons whose interests are related to those of the successors and legatees. Article 19 Reservation of a necessary portion of an estate shall be made in a will for a successor who neither can work nor has a source of income.

Article 20 A testator may revoke or alter a will he previously made. Where several wills that have been made conflict with one another in content, the last one shall prevail. A notarial will may not be revoked or altered by a testator-written will, a will written on behalf of the testator, a will in the form of a sound- recording or a nuncupative will.

Article 21 Where there are obligations attached to testamentary succession or legacy, the successor or legatee shall perform them. Anyone who fails to perform the obligations without proper reasons may, upon request by a relevant organization or individual, entail nullification of his right to inheritance by a people's court.

Article 22 Wills made by persons with no capacity or with limited capacity shall be void. Wills shall manifest the genuine intention of the testators; those made under duress or as a result of fraud shall be void. Forged wills shall be void. Where a will has been tampered with, the affected parts of it shall be void.

Chapter IV Disposition of the Estate

Article 23 After the opening of succession, a successor who has knowledge of the death should promptly notify the other successors and the testamentary executor. If one of the successors knows about the death or if there is no way to make the notification, the organization to which the decedent belonged before his death or the residents' committee or villagers' committee at his place of residence shall make the notification.

Article 24 Anyone who has in his possession the property of the decedent shall take good care of such property and no one is allowed to misappropriate it or contend for it.

Article 25 A successor who, after the opening of succession, disclaims inheritance should make known his decision before the disposition of the estate. In the absence of such an indication, he is deemed to have accepted the inheritance. A legatee should, within two months from the time he learns of the legacy, make known whether he accepts it or disclaims it. In the absence of such an indication within the specified period, he is deemed to have disclaimed the legacy.

Article 26 If a decedent's estate is partitioned, half of the joint property acquired by the spouses in the course of their matrimonial life shall, unless otherwise agreed upon, be first allotted to the surviving spouse as his or her own property; the remainder shall constitute the decedent's estate. If the decedent's estate is a component part of the common property of his family, that portion of the property belonging to the other members of the family shall first be separated at the time of the partitioning of the decedent's estate. Article 27 Under any of the following circumstances, the part of the estate affected shall be dealt with in accordance with statutory succession:

(1) where inheritance is disclaimed by a testamentary successor or the legacy is disclaimed by a legatee;

(2) where a testamentary successor is disinherited;

(3) where a testamentary successor or legatee predeceases the testator;

(4) where an invalidated portion of the will involves part of the estate; or

(5) where no disposition is made under the will for part of the estate.

Article 28 At the time of the partitioning of the estate, reservation shall be made for the share of an unborn child. The share reserved shall, if the baby is stillborn, be dealt with in accordance with statutory succession.

Article 29 The partitioning of a decedent's estate shall be conducted in a way beneficial to the requirements of production and livelihood; it shall not diminish the usefulness of the estate. If the estate is unsuitable for partitioning, it may be disposed of by such means as price evaluation, appropriate compensation or co-ownership.

Article30 A surviving spouse who remarries is entitled to dispose of the property he or she has inherited, subject to no interference by any other person.

Article 31 A citizen may enter into a legacy-support agreement with a person who, in accordance with the agreement, assumes the duty to support the former in his or her lifetime and attends to his or her interment after death, in return for the right to legacy. A citizen may enter into a legacy-support agreement with an organization under collective ownership which, in accordance with the agreement, assumes the duty to support the former in his or her lifetime and attends to his or her interment after death, in return for the right to legacy.

Article 32 An estate which is left with neither a successor nor a legatee shall belong to the state or, where the decedent was a member of an organization under collective ownership before his or her death, to such an organization.

Article 33 The successor to an estate shall pay all taxes and debts payable by the decedent according to law, up to the actual value of such estate, unless the successor pays voluntarily in excess of the limit. The successor who disclaims inheritance assumes no responsibility for the payment of taxes and debts payable by the decedent according to law.

Article 34 The carrying out of a legacy shall not affect the payment of taxes and debts payable by the legator according to law.

Chapter V Supplementary Provisions

Article 35 The people's congress of a national autonomous area may, in accordance with the principles of this Law and the actual practices of the local nationality or nationalities with regard to property inheritance, enact adaptive or supplementary provisions. Provisions made by autonomous regions shall be reported to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record. Provisions made by autonomous prefectures or autonomous counties shall become effective after being reported to and approved by the standing committee of the people's congress of the relevant province or autonomous region and shall be reported to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record.

Article 36 For inheritance by a Chinese citizen of an estate outside the People's Republic of China or of an estate of a foreigner within the People's Republic of China, the law of the place of domicile of the decedent shall apply in the case of movable property; in the case of immovable property, the law of the place where the property is located shall apply. For inheritance by a foreigner of an estate within the People's Republic of China or of an estate of a Chinese citizen outside the People's Republic of China, the law of the place of domicile of the decedent shall apply in the case of movable property; in the case of immovable property, the law of the place where the property is located shall apply. Where treaties or agreements exist between the People's Republic of China and foreign countries, matters of inheritance shall be handled in accordance with such treaties or agreements. Article 37 This Law shall go into effect as of October 1, 1985.

司法解释

第六届全国人民代表大会第三次会议通过的《中华人民共和国继承法》，是我国公民处理继承问题的准则，是人民法院正确、及时审理继承案件的依据。人民法院贯彻执行继承法，要根据社会主义的法制原则，坚持继承权男女平等，贯彻互相扶助和权利义务相一致的精神，依法保护公民的私有财产的继承权。

为了正确贯彻执行继承法，我们根据继承法的有关规定和审判实践经验，对审理继承案件中具体适用继承法的一些问题，提出以下意见，供各级人民法院在审理继承案件时试行。

一、关于总则部分

1．继承从被继承人生理死亡或被宣告死亡时开始。

失踪人被宣告死亡的，以法院判决中确定的失踪人的死亡日期，为继承开始的时间。

2．相互有继承关系的几个人在同一事件中死亡，如不能确定死亡先后时间的，推定没有继承人的人先死亡。死亡人各自都有继承人的，如几个死亡人辈分不同，推定长辈先死亡；几个死亡人辈份相同，推定同时死亡，彼此不发生继承，由他们各自的继承人分别继承。

3．公民可继承的其他合法财产包括有价证券和履行标的为财物的债权等。

4．承包人死亡时尚未取得承包收益的，可把死者生前对承包所投入的资金和所付出的劳动及其增值和孳息，由发包单位或者接续承包合同的人合理折价、补偿。其价额作为遗产。

5．被继承人生前与他人订有遗赠抚养协议，同时又立有遗嘱的，继承开始后，如果遗赠抚养协议与遗嘱没有抵触，遗产分别按协议和遗嘱处理；如果有抵触，按协议处理，与协议抵触的遗嘱全部或部分无效。

6．遗嘱继承人依遗嘱取得遗产后，仍有权依继承法第十三条的规定取得遗嘱未处分的遗产。

7．不满十周岁的儿童、精神病患者，应当认定其为无行为能力人。

已满十周岁，不满十八周岁的未成年人，应当认定其为限制行为能力人。

8．法定代理人代理被代理人行使继承权、受遗赠权，不得损害被代理人的利益。法定代理人一般不能代理被代理人放弃继承权，受遗赠权。明显损害被代理人利益的，应认定其代理行为无效。

9．在遗产继承中，继承人之间因是否丧失继承权发生纠纷，诉讼到人民法院的，由人民法院根据继承法第七条的规定，判决确认其是否丧失继承权。

10．继承人虐待被继承人情节是否严重，可以从实施虐待行为的时间、手段、后果和社会影响等方面认定。

虐待被继承人情节严重的，不论是否追究刑事责任，均可确认其丧失继承权。

11．继承人故意杀害被继承人的，不论是既遂还是未遂，均应确认其丧失继承权。

12．继承人有继承法第七条第（一）项或第（二）项所列之行为，而被继承人以遗嘱将遗产指定由该继承人继承的，可确认遗嘱无效，并按继承法第七条的规定处理。

13．继承人虐待被继承人情节严重的，或者遗弃被继承人的，如以后确有悔改表现，而且被虐待人、被遗弃人生前又表示宽恕，可不确认其丧失继承权。

14．继承人伪造、篡改或者销毁遗嘱，侵害了缺乏劳动能力又无生活来源的继承人的利益，并造成其生活困难的，应认定其行为情节严重。

15．在诉讼时效期间内，因不可抗拒的事由致继承人无法主张继承权利的，人民法院可按中止诉讼时效处理。

16．继承人在知道自己的权利受到侵犯之日起的二年之内，其遗产继承权纠纷确在人民调解委员会进行调解期间，可按中止诉讼时效处理。

17．继承人因遗产继承纠纷向人民法院提起诉讼，诉讼时效即为中断。

18．自继承开始之日起的第十八年至第二十年期间内，继承人才知道自己的权利被侵犯的，其提起诉讼的权利，应当在继承开始之日起的二十年之内行使，超过二十年的，不得再行提起诉讼。

二、关于法定继承部分

19．被收养人对养父母尽了赡养义务，同时又对生父母扶养较多的，除可依继承法第十条的规定继承养父母的遗产外，还可依继承法第十四条的规定分得生父母的适当的遗产。

20．在旧社会形成的一夫多妻家庭中，子女与生母以外的父亲的其他配偶之间形成抚养关系的，互有继承权。

21．继子女继承了继父母遗产的，不影响其继承生父母的遗产。

继父母继承了继子女遗产的，不影响其继承生子女的遗产。

22．养祖父母与养孙子女的关系，视为养父母与养子女关系的，可互为第一顺序继承人。

23．养子女与生子女之间、养子女与养子女之间，系养兄弟姐妹，可互为第二顺序继承人。

被收养人与其亲兄弟姐妹之间的权利义务关系，因收养关系的成立而消除，不能互为第二顺序继承人。

24．继兄弟姐妹之间的继承权，因继兄弟姐妹之间的扶养关系而发生。没有扶养关系的，不能互为第二顺序继承人。

继兄弟姐妹之间相互继承了遗产的，不影响其继承亲兄弟姐妹的遗产。

25．被继承人的孙子女、外孙子女、曾孙子女、外曾孙子女都可以代位继承，代位继承人不受辈数的限制。

26．被继承人的养子女、已形成扶养关系的继子女的生子女可代位继承；被继承人亲生子女的养子女可代位继承；被继承人养子女的养子女可代位继承；与被继承人已形成扶养关系的继子女的养子女也可以代位继承。

27．代位继承人缺乏劳动能力又没有生活来源，或者对被继承人尽过主要赡养义务的，分配遗产时，可以多分。

28．继承人丧失继承权的，其晚辈直系血亲不得代位继承。如该代位继承人缺乏劳动能力又没有生活来源，或对被继承人尽赡养义务较多的，可适当分给遗产。

29．丧偶儿媳对公婆、丧偶女婿对岳父、岳母，无论其是否再婚，依继承法第十二条规定作为第一顺序继承人时，不影响其子女代位继承。

30．对被继承人生活提供了主要经济来源，或在劳务等方面给予了主要扶助的，应当认定其尽了主要赡养义务或主要扶养义务。

31．依继承法第十四条规定可以分给适当遗产的人，分给他们遗产时，按具体情况可多于或少于继承人。

32．依继承法第十四条规定可以分给适当遗产的人，在其依法取得被继承人遗产的权利受到侵犯时，本人有权以独立的诉讼主体的资格向人民法院提起诉讼。但在遗产分割时，明知而未提出请求的，一般不予受理；不知而未提出请求，在二年以内起诉的，应予受理。

33．继承人有扶养能力和扶养条件，愿意尽扶养义务，但被继承人因有固定收入和劳动能力，明确表示不要求其扶养的，分配遗产时，一般不应因此而影响其继承份额。

34．有扶养能力和扶养条件的继承人虽然与被继承人共同生活，但对需要扶养的被继承人不尽扶养义务，分配遗产时，可以少分或者不分。

三、关于遗嘱继承部分

35．继承法实施前订立的，形式上稍有欠缺的遗嘱，如内容合法，又有充分证据证明确为遗嘱人真实意思表示的，可以认定遗嘱有效。

36．继承人、受遗赠人的债权人、债务人，共同经营的合伙人，也应当视为与继承人、受遗赠人有利害关系，不能作为遗嘱的见证人。

37．遗嘱人未保留缺乏劳动能力又没有生活来源的继承人的遗产份额，遗产处理时，应当为该继承人留下必要的遗产，所剩余的部分，才可参照遗嘱确定的分配原则处理。

继承人是否缺乏劳动能力又没有生活来源，应按遗嘱生效时该继承人的具体情况确定。

38．遗嘱人以遗嘱处分了属于国家、集体或他人所有的财产，遗嘱的这部分，应认定无效。

39．遗嘱人生前的行为与遗嘱的意思表示相反，而使遗嘱处分的财产在继承开始前灭失、部分灭失或所有权转移、部分转移的，遗嘱视为被撤销或部分被撤销。

40．公民在遗书中涉及死后个人财产处分的内容，确为死者真实意思的表示，有本人签名并注明了年、月、日，又无相反证据的，可按自书遗嘱对待。

41．遗嘱人立遗嘱时必须有行为能力。无行为能力人所立的遗嘱，即使其本人后来有了行为能力，仍属无效遗嘱。遗嘱人立遗嘱时有行为能力，后来丧失了行为能力，不影响遗嘱的效力。

42．遗嘱人以不同形式立有数份内容相抵触的遗嘱，其中有公证遗嘱的，以最后所立公证遗嘱为准；没有公证遗嘱的，以最后所立的遗嘱为准。

43．附义务的遗嘱继承或遗赠，如义务能够履行，而继承人、受遗赠人无正当理由不履行，经受益人或其他继承人请求，人民法院可以取消他接受附义务那部分遗产的权利，由提出请求的继承人或受益人负责按遗嘱人的意愿履行义务，接受遗产。

四、关于遗产的处理部分

44．人民法院在审理继承案件时，如果知道有继承人而无法通知的，分割遗产时，要保留其应继承的遗产，并确定该遗产的保管人或保管单位。

45．应当为胎儿保留的遗产份额没有保留的应从继承人所继承的遗产中扣回。

为胎儿保留的遗产份额，如胎儿出生后死亡的，由其继承人继承；如胎儿出生时就是死体的，由被继承人的继承人继承。

46．继承人因放弃继承权，致其不能履行法定义务的，放弃继承权的行为无效。

47．继承人放弃继承应当以书面形式向其他继承人表示。用口头方式表示放弃继承，本人承认，或有其它充分证据证明的，也应当认定其有效。

48．在诉讼中，继承人向人民法院以口头方式表示放弃继承的，要制作笔录，由放弃继承的人签名。

49．继承人放弃继承的意思表示，应当在继承开始后、遗产分割前作出。遗产分割后表示放弃的不再是继承权，而是所有权。

50．遗产处理前或在诉讼进行中，继承人对放弃继承翻悔的，由人民法院根据其提出的具体理由，决定是否承认。遗产处理后，继承人对放弃继承翻悔的，不予承认。

51．放弃继承的效力，追溯到继承开始的时间。

52．继承开始后，继承人没有表示放弃继承，并于遗产分割前死亡的，其继承遗产的权利转移给他的合法继承人。

53．继承开始后，受遗赠人表示接受遗赠，并于遗产分割前死亡的，其接受遗赠的权利转移给他的继承人。

54．由国家或集体组织供给生活费用的烈属和享受社会救济的城市居民，其遗产仍应准许合法继承人继承。

55．集体组织对“五保户”实行“五保”时，双方有扶养协议的，按协议处理；没有抚养协议，死者有遗嘱继承人或法定继承人要求继承的，按遗嘱继承或法定继承处理，但集体组织有权要求扣回“五保”费用。

56．扶养人或集体组织与公民订有遗赠扶养协议，扶养人或集体组织无正当理由不履行，致协议解除的，不能享有受遗赠的权利，其支付的供养费用一般不予补偿；遗赠人无正当理由不履行，致协议解除的，则应偿还扶养人或集体组织已支付的供养费用。

57．遗产因无人继承收归国家或集体组织所有时，按继承法第十四条规定可以分给遗产的人提出取得遗产的要求，人民法院应视情况适当分给遗产。

58．人民法院在分割遗产中的房屋、生产资料和特定职业所需要的财产时，应依据有利于发挥其使用效益和继承人的实际需要，兼顾各继承人的利益进行处理。

59．人民法院对故意隐匿、侵吞或争抢遗产的继承人，可以酌情减少其应继承的遗产。

60．继承诉讼开始后，如继承人、受遗赠人中有既不愿参加诉讼，又不表示放弃实体权利的，应追加为共同原告；已明确表示放弃继承的，不再列为当事人。

61．继承人中有缺乏劳动能力又没有生活来源的人，即使遗产不足清偿债务，也应为其保留适当遗产，然后再按继承法第三十三条和民事诉讼法第一百八十条的规定清偿债务。

62．遗产已被分割而未清偿债务时，如有法定继承又有遗嘱继承和遗赠的，首先由法定继承人用其所得遗产清偿债务；不足清偿时，剩余的债务由遗嘱继承人和受遗赠人按比例用所得遗产偿还；如果只有遗嘱继承和遗赠的，由遗嘱继承人和受遗赠人按比例用所得遗产偿还。

五、关于附则部分

63．涉外继承，遗产为动产的，适用被继承人住所地法律，即适用被继承人生前最后住所地国家的法律。

64．继承法实行前，人民法院已经审结的继承案件，继承法施行后，按审判监督程序提起再审的，适用审结时的有关政策、法律。

人民法院对继承法生效前已经受理，生效时尚未审结的继承案件，适用继承法。但不得再以超过诉讼时效为由驳回起诉。