when, where, how, why等引导特殊疑问句的词语。

How are you getting on with your English study?

你的英语学习进展得怎样？

注：疑问副词可以与一些词结合在一起引导特殊疑问句，常见的有：how old, how long, how soon, how often, how far等。如：

How often do you see a movie ?

你多久看一次电影？

How soon will your father come back?

你父亲还要多久才回来？

二．副词的作用

1.副词一般 可以修饰动词，形容词，其他副词，介词短语和句子等。如：

There is the post office, right in front of you.

那里有邮电局，就在你前面。

2.副词可以修饰名词或代词，置于名词或代词之后做定语。如：

More and more universities abroad come to enroll new students in China.

越来越多的外国大学到中国来招生。

3.副词有时在句中可作表语。如：

I must be off now.

我得走了。

What’s on at the cinema this week?

这星期电影院放映什么电影？

4.副词还可在句中作宾语补足语。如：

Let us in, will you?

让我们进去，好吗？

When we went to her house, we found her out.

当我们到她家时，发现她不在家。

副词可以根据它们的意思分为下面几类：

时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词和其他性质的副词

（1）表示某时间的副词：

now，then，yesterday，today，tomorrow，tonight，lately，ago，before，just now，so far等。

（2）表示频率的副词(可称为频率副词)

always，often，usually，sometimes, frequently，constantly，continually

（3）其他时间副词：

already，yet，late，early，soon，long，since，at once，(at)first，(at)last，finally，presently，shortly，immediately，right away等。

（1）表示地点的副词：

here，there，home，upstairs，downstairs，anywhere，everywhere，nowhere，somewhere，abroad，elsewhere等。

（2）表示位置关系的副词(这些多和介词同形)：

above，over，below，down，up，out，in，across，back，along，round，around，away，near，off，on，inside，outside，past等

多数是形容词加上ly构成的，和一些well, fast, quick, slow, hard, alone, straight, wide…

在加词尾ly时要注意：

（1）辅音+le：simple→simply, gentle→gently,

（2）以ic结尾的词：classic→classical但是public→publicly

（3）以辅音读音是[i]的y结尾的词：easy→easily

（4）特例：full→fully, whole→wholly, true→truly

构成特殊疑问句。

how,when, where,why

程度副词一般放在他所修饰的词前面。

much, enough, quite, hardly, almost, deeply…

这类副词有相当于并列连词的therefore, besides, otherwise, however, moreover, furthermore, still, thus, meanwhile等，也有引导名词性从句或不定式的when, why, where, how等。

用来引导定语从句,在从句中作状语。

when,where,why

对整个句子进行说明，一般用逗号与主句隔开。

frankly（坦率地说,说真的），generally（一般说来），luckily（幸运地是），first of all（首先）等。

1．多数副词可以放在动词后面，如果是及物动词，一般放在宾语后面。

I got up late this morning.

I remember having seen him somewhere.

2．一些时间副词通常放在动词前面，如果句子里有情态动词或助动词或动词to be, 就放在这类动词的后面。

She often comes here.

I could hardly believe it.

She is seldom ill.

3．疑问副词，连接副词，关系副词和一些形容整个句子的副词通常放在句首.

比如：actually, (un)fortunately, of course, first, at first, secondly, perhaps, probably, certainly, surely…

How did you like the movie we saw yesterday?

First we must call the police.

4．程度副词一般放在他所修饰的词前面。

I amterriblysorry for that.

He doesn't quite agree with me.

He ran so fast that he almost fall.

副词的比较级和最高级：同形容词用法相同．

（1）fairly,quite,rather表示“十分，非常”。fairly语气最弱，放在不定冠词之后；quite语气较强，放在不定冠词之前；rather语气最强，可放在不定冠词前后，也可放在比较级前和too之前。

【例如】

This is a fairly interesting story.I want to tell it to my friends.

You have made quite a few mistakes in you writing.(quite a few=many)The weather is rather colder today than I have expected.The student was rather too dull.

（2）hardly,scarcely表示“几乎不”，含否定含义。用于句首时，句子用倒装语序。hardly和scarcely与when连用，表示“一……，就……”，相当于as soon as.

【例如】

Hardly had I arrived at the station when the train left.

Scarcely had I entered the cinema when the film began.

（3）late意思是“晚”，lately意思为“近来”；high表示位置，highly表示程度；most作副词表示“最……”，mostly表示“主要的”。

【例如】

The plane flew high in the sky and soon disappeared. My teacher speaks highly of me.Remember not to be late next time.Have you ever heard from him lately?What do you like most?The village is mostly of brick houses.

（4）only too only too表示“很，非常”。

【例如】

I am only too pleased to help you.

① 时间副词：一般放在句首或句尾,注意,early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾,already、just一般放在动词的前面。如：We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow.(我们明天要去参观长城) / They have already been to the UK twice.(他们去过英王国两次) / Soon the lost boy found his way back home.(不久迷路的孩子找到了回家的路)

②频度副词：一般放在be动词之后或者助动词与主要动词之间,但sometimes、often等还可以放在句首或句尾,usually可放在句首,once可放在句尾,twice、three times等一般放在句尾。如：Sometimes I get up early.(我有时起得早)/ The workers usually have lunch at the factory.(工人们通常在厂里吃午饭) / Take this medicine twice a day.(这种药一天吃两次)

③ 方式副词：一般放在行为动之后,suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或动词之前。如：Old people can hardly walk as quickly as young people.(老年人几乎不可能走得和年轻人一样快) / Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave(山洞).(突然,在黑黢黢的山洞里,他看见了一丝亮光)

④地点副词：一般放在句尾,但here、there还可放在句首。如：There you can see thousands of bikes running in all directions(方向).(在那里,你可以看到成千上万的自行车朝各个方向流动) / The frightened wolf ran away.(受到惊吓的狼逃开了)/ He walked out quietly and turned back soon.(他悄悄地走了出去,很快又返回)

⑤ 程度副词：修饰动词时,放在动词之前；修饰形容词或副词时,放在形容词或副词之前。但注意,enough总是放在被修饰的形容词或动词的后面；only位置比较灵活,总是放在被修饰的词的前面。如：I nearly forgot all about it if he did not tell me again.(如果他不再次告诉我,我几乎把那事全忘了) / It was so strange that I could hardly believe my ears.(它那么奇怪一直我都不能相信我的耳朵) / She got to the station early enough to catch the first bus.(她早早地赶到车站赶上了首班车)

⑥ 疑问副词：用于对句子的状语进行提问,位置总是在句首。如：When and where were you born?(你何时何地出生？)/ Why did little Edison sit on some eggs?(小爱迪生为什么要坐在鸡蛋上？)/ How do you do?(你好！)

⑦连接副词：用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,在从句中作状语。How I am going to kill the cat is still a question.(我打算怎样杀死那只猫还是个问题)/ That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger.(那就是人人都害怕老虎的原因) / He wondered how he could do it the next day.(他不知道第二天怎样做那事)

⑧ 关系副词：用来引导定语从句,在从句中作状语。如：This is the place where Mr Zhang once lived.(这就是张先生曾经住过的地方)/ Please tell me the way how you have learned English so well.(请告诉我你的英语是怎样学得这么好的方法)

⑨ 其它副词：too“也”,用在句尾；also放在动词前；either “也不”,放在句尾；nor“也不”,放在句首；so“如此,这样”,放在形容词、副词前；on/off“开/关”放在动词之后；not放在be之后、助动词之后、不定式或动名词之前；maybe/perhaps放在句首；certainly放在句首或动词之前。如：He went to the Palace Museum and I went there,too.(他去了故宫博物院,我也去了) / Maybe your ticket is in your inside pocket.(也许你的票就在你的里边衣袋里) / --Tom doesn’t have a computer. –Nor do I.(汤姆没有计算机,我也没有。)

地点副词一般可以作表语,放在be等连系动词之后,说明人物所处的位置。如：I’m very sorry he isn’t in at the moment.(很抱歉,他此刻不在家)/ I have been away from my hometown for nearly 20 years.(我离开家乡有将近20年了) / Jim is over there.(吉姆就在那边)

时间副词(如now、then)以及许多地点副词都可以作名词的定语,放在名词的后面。如：People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants.(现在的人们经常在餐馆里吃节日晚宴) / Women there were living a terrible life in the 1920s.(在二十世纪20年代那儿的女人过着可怕的日子)

作宾语补足语

地点副词一般可以作宾语补足语。如：Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell!(吉姆,把你的脏袜子拿开！它们在散发着臭气。) / Father kept him in and doing his lessons.(父亲把他关在家里做作业)

[注意] “动词+副词”的宾语如果是代词,则该副词应该放在代词之后。如：He wrote down the word.(他写下了那个词。)→He wrote it down.（他把它写了下来。）