连词（
conjunction）是一种
虚词， 它不能独立担任
句子成分而只起
连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。
介绍
and（和，与;而且;于是，然后;因此）
but（但是；通常用not...but...不是...而是...；可是,然而；表示惊讶，不同意等--喔，哇；用来加强语句重复部分的语气--一定；用来引入新话题--那就；常用于
否定句--而不，若不；用于含
doubt,question等字的否定句中相当于
that--对于），
or（或者，还是；用于否定句或问句--也不；否则，要不然；也就是说，换言之），
nor（用在
neither之后--也不；用在no,not,never之后--也不；用在句首，句子需倒装--也不），
because（因为。注意，不可和so连用）
so（因此，所以；因而，从而），
yet（可是，却，然而），
both…and（既...又...；不但...而且），
not only…but also（不但，而且），
either…or（不是...就是；要么...要么），
neither…nor（既不...也不...）,
注意：
then, therefore
等词，并不是连词，而是副词。
并列连词
并列连词引导两个并列的句子。
1.and 与or
判断改错：
（错） They sat down and talk about something.
（对） They sat down and talked about something.
（错） They started to dance and sang.
（对） They started to dance and sing.
（错） I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there.
（对）I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.
解析：
第一句：and 连接两个并列的谓语，所以 talk 应改为 talked。
第二句：and 连接两个并列的
动词不定式，第二个不定式往往省略to，因此
sang 应改为 sing。
第三句：and 连接
感观动词saw 后面的用作的宾补的两个并列
分词结构，因此whisper应改为whispering。
注意：and 还可以和
祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。（or也有此用法）
Make up your mind,
and you'll get the chance.
= If you make up your mind,you'll get the chance.
One more effort,and you'll succeed.
= If you make one more effort,you'll succeed.
She plays (both) the piano and the guitar.
3.not only…but ...
as well as=not only...but
also不但…而且
She plays not only the piano,but (also) the guitar.
注意：not only… but also 关联两个分句时，一个分句因有
否定词not 而必须倒装
Not only does he like reading stories,but also he can even write some.
4.neither…nor
就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。
Neither you nor he is to blame.
并列结构
1.or
I must work hard,or I'll fail in the exam.
2.either…or
Either you or I am right.
或者是你对，或者是我对.
When the girl is happy, she either sings or dances.
那个女孩高兴时,不是唱就是跳.(此句中
either...or...连接两个动词,因为主语是单数
第三人称,谓语动词要用其相 应的形式.)
转折或对比
1、but表示转折，while表示对比。
Some people love cats,while others hate them.
典型例题
Would you like to come to dinner tonight
I'd like to,___ I'm too busy.
A. and B. so C. as D. but
答案D。but与前面形成转折，符合语意。而表并列的and， 结果的so，原因的as都不符合句意。
2、not…but…
They were not the bones of an animal,but (the bones) of a human being.
让步
However we adopt healthcare reform, it isn't going to save major amounts of money.
误区提示：
例句：
This was not an easy decision. It is, however, a decision that we feel is dictated by our duty...
这很难抉择。不过，我们觉得自己有义务作出决定。
原因关系
判断改错：
（错） For he is ill,he is absent today.
（对） He is absent today,for he is ill.
for是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。
2、so 因此，所以
He hurt his leg,so he couldn't play in the game.
3、because 因为
I cannot sleep because I am too excited.
注意：
这两个词的意思很相近，通常是可以互换使用的。为了安全起见，最好用because引导从句，因为同 because引导的从句相比，for引导的从句的用法要受到某些限制：
①for引导的从句不能位于它所解释的动词之前：
Because it was wet, he took a taxi.
因为下雨，他叫了一辆出租车。（这里不能用for）
②for引导的从句不能位于not，but或任何连词之后
③for引导的从句不能用于回答问题：
—Why did you do it？ 你为什么这么做？
—I did it because I was angry. 因为我生气才这么做的。（这里不能用for）
④for引导的从句不能单单用来复述已讲过的话，而必须包括新的内容：
He spoke in French. 他讲法语。
She was angry because he had spoken in French. 因为他
讲法语，她生气了。
误用
因为连词的种类非常多，有
并列连词（连接
简单句），有
从属连词（引导
复杂句），而从属连词引导的
从句又可分为三类：
名词性从句、
定语从句和
状语从句。尤其应注意的是有些连词可引导不止一种从句，具有多重功能，这往往是学习的难点，也是易混点。
难点回顾：
[误] Which you can see,he is always ready to help others.
[正] As you can see,he is always ready to help others.
[误] Do like I told you.
[正] Do as I told you.
[误] He was reading then he was walking.
[正] He was reading as he was walking.
[误] As he is young,he knows a lot.
[正] Young as he is,he knows a lot.
[析]as
引导的让步状语从句应用倒装
语序，应把
表语提前。
2.that可引导多种
从句，如定语从句、名词性从句、
状语从句等。
[误] You don’t like him is none of my business.
[正] That you don’t like him is none of my business.
[析]that引导主语从句，本身无实际意义，但不能省略。
[误] The thief handed everything which he had stolen to the police.
[正] The thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
[析]everything是
不定代词，因此后面的定语从句只能由that引导。
[误] I am happy as you passed the exam.
[正] I am happy that you passed the exam.
[析]that在形容词后面引导宾语从句，不能用as。
3.where可引导多种从句，如定语从句、
状语从句以及名词性从句。
[误] Go to find your watch. It’s there where you left it.
[正] Go to find your watch. It’s where you left it.
[析]where引导
表语从句，相当于at the place where。
[误] The place where there is water,there is life.
[正] Where there is water,there is life.
[析]where引导
地点状语从句，可以放在
主句的前面，也可以放在主句的后面。
[误] I can’t remember in which place I met him.
[正] I can’t remember where I met him.
[析]where引导
宾语从句，不能用in which。
4.what可引导
感叹句、
特殊疑问句、名词性从句等。
[误] How an interesting story he told us!
[正] What an interesting story he told us!
[析]What an interesting story！=How interesting a story！
[误] I can’t remember the thing what he told me.
[正] I can’t remember what he told me.
[析]what引导
宾语从句，相当于the thing that。
5 no matter+what/who...与whatever/whoever...的区别：前者只能引导让步状语从句，而后者既可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句。
[误] I will make friends with no matter who shares my interest.
[正] I will make friends with whoever shares my interest.
[析]引导名词性从句时只能用whoever。
[误] You must hand in no matter what you’ve found.
[正] You must hand in whatever you’ve found.
[析] 引导名词性从句时只能用whatever。
whether 和if 引导动词后的
宾语从句时可互换，但下列情况一般只能用whether:
(1) 引导介词后的
宾语从句；（2）引导
主语从句； （3） 引导
表语从句；（4）引导
同位语从句；（5）后面出现or not；（6）后面出现
不定式。
[误] If you can pass the exam depends on how hard you work.
[正] Whether you can pass the exam depends on how hard you work.
[析]引导主语从句只能用whether。
7.while,when,as 引导时间状语从句时的区别：
when常与一般时态连用，用于表示一个动作与另一个动作在同
一时间发生，或一个动作在另一动作所
延续的时间When it is wet the buses are crowded.
天下雨时公共汽车就很拥挤。
When she pressde the button the lift stopped.
她按了按键，电梯停住了。
[误] I picked up some French words as I was having a holiday in Paris.
[正] I picked up some French words while I was having a holiday in Paris.
[析]while强调在……过程中；as说明两个动作同时进行。
[误] We were having classes while someone knocked at the door.
[正] We were having classes when someone knocked at the door.
8.because,as,since（now that）引导
原因状语从句时的区别：
[误] Because we’ve finished most of the work,let’s have a
rest.
[正] Since(Now that) we’ve finished most of the work,let’s have a rest.
[析]表示大家都清楚的理由用since（now that）。
9.however和as 引导让步状语从句时的区别：
however引导让步
状语从句时，相当于no matter how，后面跟形容词或副词；as引导让步状语从句时，用倒装
语序，即把作状语的副词或作表语的形容词或名词提前，而且如果作表语的是单数名词，前面不加
冠词，也可以把
谓语动词部分的
实义动词提前。
[误] As hard he works,he can’t catch up with his classmates.
[正] However hard he works,he can’t catch up with his classmates.
[析]见上述说明。
[误] A model worker he is,he remains modest.
[正] Model worker as he is,he remains modest.
[析]as 引导让步状语从句，前面的单数名词前不加冠词。
典例调研
[例1] You must put things there you can find them.
there→where。此处应由where引导地点状语从句。
[例2] I remember the time as my grandmother was telling stories to me.
[例3] A child as he was,he looked quite calm in that difficult situation.
去掉A，child的首字母大写。as引导让步状语从句时，前面作表语的单数名词前不加冠词。
[例4] Don’t make friends with such people that you think are
dishonest.
that→as。such...as...搭配在一起用，as引导定语从句。
[例5] He had been admitted by Beijing University made us very happy.
句首加That，把He改为he。that引导名词性从句，本身无实际意义，也不作成分，但不能省略。
10. 两个
并列连词不能连用，但therefore,then,yet.可以和并列连词连用。
You can watch
TV,and or you can go to bed.
He hurt his leg,and so / and therefore he couldn't play in the game.
11. although… yet…，但although不与 but 连用。
（错）Although he was weak,but he tried his best to do the work..
（对）Although he was weak,yet he tried his best to do the work.
指导借鉴
对这些有着多重作用的
引导词，大家应通过类比找出它们的异同点，深刻体会它们在不同
从句中的作用，然后灵活运用。
1. Anyone leaves the room last should remember to lock the door.
2. He is willing to help no matter who is in trouble.
3. Who breaks the law should be punished.
4. The place he has gone is not known yet.
5. I will buy the dictionary as it is expensive.
6. He said that he would do all what he could to help us.
7. The thing what he had done surprised everybody.
8. As everybody is here,let’s begin our discussion.
9. We will finish the
work on time,however difficulties we meet.
答案及解析：
1. Anyone→Whoever或Anyone who。whoever可以直接用来引导
名词性从句，相当于anyone who。
2. no matter who→whoever。引导
宾语从句应用whoever。
3. Who→Whoever。who和whoever都可引导名词性从句，但whoever泛指任何人，具有强调语气，who往往指一定的对象。
4. The place→Where。where可以直接用来引导
主语从句。
5. as→although。此处
让步状语从句是正常
语序，因此应用although。
6. what→that或去掉what。what不能引导
定语从句。
7. 去掉The
thing，把what的首字母大写。what可以直接引导主语从句。
8. As→Since。since引导
原因状语从句，表示大家都清楚的原因。
9. however→whatever。however引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter how，后面跟形容词或副词；whatever引导让步状语从句时，相当于
no matter what，后面跟名词。
so和such
其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词
many，
few，
much， little连用，形成固定搭配。
so +
adj. such + a(n) + n.
so + adj. + a(n) + n. such + n. (pl.)
so + adj. + n. (pl.) such +n. (pl.)
so + adj. + n. [不可数] such +n. [不可数]
so foolish such a fool
so nice a flower such a nice flower
so many/ few flowers such nice flowers
so much/little money. such rapid progress
so many people such a lot of people
so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。
so…that与such…that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。